Single Mother Statistics in West Virginia

Introduction

West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian region of the United States, with a population of about 1.8 million people as of 2020¹. It is known for its mountainous terrain, coal mining industry, and rural culture. West Virginia is also home to many single mothers who face various challenges and opportunities in their lives. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, there were about 58,000 single mother families with children under 18 years old in West Virginia in 2020, representing 28% of all families with children in the state². This article will provide some statistics and facts about the single mothers in West Virginia, based on the latest census data and other sources.

Demographics

The average age of single mothers in West Virginia was 38.6 years old in 2020, slightly higher than the national average of 37.9 years old².
The majority of single mothers in West Virginia (69%) had one or two children living with them, while 16% had three children and 15% had four or more children².
The median number of children per single mother family in West Virginia was 1.8, the same as the national median².

Age Groups

The largest age group of single mothers in West Virginia was 35 to 44 years old, accounting for 34% of all single mothers in the state².
The second largest age group was 25 to 34 years old, representing 27% of all single mothers in West Virginia².
The smallest age group was under 25 years old, comprising only 10% of all single mothers in the state².

Race

The racial composition of single mothers in West Virginia was less diverse than the national average for single mothers.
The largest racial group of single mothers in West Virginia was white, making up 93% of all single mothers in the state².
The second largest racial group was black or African American, constituting 4% of all single mothers in West Virginia².
The third largest racial group was Hispanic or Latino, comprising 1% of all single mothers in the state².
The remaining racial groups were Asian (0.4%), American Indian or Alaska Native (0.3%), Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (0.1%), and two or more races (1.5%)².

Marital Status

The marital status of single mothers in West Virginia varied, depending on whether they were ever married or not.
Among single mothers who were ever married, 47% were divorced, 27% were separated, and 26% were widowed².
Among single mothers who were never married, 86% were never married and 14% were cohabiting with a partner².

Family Structure

The family structure of single mothers in West Virginia also differed, depending on whether they lived alone or with other relatives or nonrelatives.
Among single mothers who lived alone with their children, 64% had no other adults living with them and 36% had one or more other adults living with them².
Among single mothers who lived with other relatives or nonrelatives, 55% lived with their parents or grandparents, 19% lived with their siblings or other relatives, and 26% lived with nonrelatives such as friends or roommates².

Civic Engagement

The civic engagement of single mothers in West Virginia was measured by their voting behavior and volunteerism.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Voting and Registration Supplement, 64% of single mothers in West Virginia reported that they voted in the 2020 presidential election, compared to 70% of all adults in the state³.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Volunteer Supplement, 21% of single mothers in West Virginia reported that they volunteered for an organization in the past year, compared to 25% of all adults in the state.

Education

The educational attainment of single mothers in West Virginia was lower than the national average for single mothers.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, 20% of single mothers in West Virginia had a bachelor’s degree or higher, compared to 24% of all single mothers in the U.S.
Conversely, only 11% of single mothers in West Virginia had less than a high school diploma, compared to 15% of all single mothers in the U.S.
The most common fields of study for single mothers in West Virginia who had a bachelor’s degree or higher were business (22%), health (18%), and education (16%).

Employment

The employment status of single mothers in West Virginia was lower than the national average for single mothers.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey, 60% of single mothers in West Virginia were employed in 2020, compared to 66% of all single mothers in the U.S.
Among single mothers who were employed, 76% worked full-time and 24% worked part-time.
The most common occupations for single mothers in West Virginia who were employed were office and administrative support (19%), management (13%), and education and training (12%).

Income

The income level of single mothers in West Virginia was lower than the national average for single mothers.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, the median annual income of single mother families in West Virginia was $31,000 in 2019, compared to $36,000 for all single mother families in the U.S.
However, the income gap between single mother families and married-couple families was also smaller in West Virginia than in the U.S. as a whole. The median annual income of married-couple families in West Virginia was $72,000 in 2019, about 2.3 times as much as that of single mother families.

Poverty

The poverty rate of single mothers in West Virginia was higher than the national average for single mothers.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, 34% of single mother families in West Virginia lived in poverty in 2019, compared to 31% of all single mother families in the U.S.
However, the poverty rate of single mother families was still much lower than that of married-couple families in West Virginia, which was only 7% in 2019.
The poverty threshold for a family of three (one adult and two children) in 2019 was $21,330.

Financial Situation

The financial situation of single mothers in West Virginia was mixed, depending on their sources of income and expenses.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey, 32% of single mothers in West Virginia received some form of public assistance in 2020, such as Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), or Medicaid.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Child Support Supplement, 43% of single mothers in West Virginia received child support payments from the noncustodial parent in 2019, with a median amount of $400 per month.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Consumer Expenditure Survey, the average annual expenditure of single mother households in West Virginia was $43,000 in 2019, with the largest categories being housing (33%), transportation (16%), and food (13%).

Housing

The housing situation of single mothers in West Virginia was characterized by low costs and high homeownership.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, the median monthly housing cost of single mother households in West Virginia was $800 in 2019, compared to $1,000 for all single mother households in the U.S.
However, 53% of single mother households in West Virginia owned their home, compared to 47% for all single mother households in the U.S.
The most common types of housing units for single mother households in West Virginia were detached single-family homes (58%), apartments (23%), and mobile homes (11%).

Veteran Status

The veteran status of single mothers in West Virginia was lower than the national average for single mothers.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, 2% of single mothers in West Virginia were veterans of the U.S. armed forces, compared to 3% for all single mothers in the U.S.
Among single mothers who were veterans, 56% served during Gulf War era II (September 2001 or later), 22% served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001), and 22% served during other periods.

Disability Status

The disability status of single mothers in West Virginia was higher than the national average for single mothers.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, 19% of single mothers in West Virginia had a disability, compared to 16% for all single mothers in the U.S.
Among single mothers who had a disability, the most common types of disability were ambulatory (8%), cognitive (7%), and independent living (6%).

Place of Birth

The place of birth of single mothers in West Virginia was less diverse than the national average for single mothers.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, 94% of single mothers in West Virginia were born in the U.S., while 6% were foreign born.
Among foreign-born single mothers in West Virginia, 42% were from Europe, 28% were from Asia, 18% were from Latin America, 8% were from Africa, and 4% were from other regions.
Among foreign-born single mothers in West Virginia, 46% were naturalized U.S. citizens and 54% were not U.S. citizens.

Language Spoken at Home

The language spoken at home by single mothers in West Virginia was less diverse than the national average for single mothers.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, 92% of single mothers in West Virginia spoke only English at home, while 8% spoke a language other than English at home.
Among single mothers who spoke a language other than English at home, 50% spoke Spanish, 25% spoke Indo-European languages, 13% spoke Asian or Pacific Island languages, and 12% spoke other languages.
Among single mothers who spoke a language other than English at home, 42% reported that they spoke English very well, 32% reported that they spoke English well, 18% reported that they spoke English not well, and 8% reported that they spoke English not at all.

Occupied Housing Units

The occupied housing units of single mothers in West Virginia were classified by their tenure and mortgage status.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, 53% of single mother households in West Virginia owned their home with a mortgage or loan, 20% owned their home free and clear, and 27% rented their home.
Among single mother households who owned their home with a mortgage or loan, the median monthly housing cost was $900, which included payments for mortgages, real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, fuels, mobile home costs, and condominium fees.
Among single mother households who rented their home, the median monthly gross rent was $600, which included contract rent plus the estimated average monthly cost of utilities and fuels.

Food

The food situation of single mothers in West Virginia was measured by their food security and food assistance.
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Household Food Security Survey Module, 16% of single mother households in West Virginia experienced food insecurity in 2019, meaning that they had difficulty providing enough food for all their members due to a lack of resources.
Among single mother households who experienced food insecurity, 7% had very low food security, meaning that they reduced their food intake or changed their eating patterns due to severe food shortages.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey, 33% of single mother households in West Virginia received SNAP benefits (formerly known as food stamps) in 2020.

Transportation

The transportation situation of single mothers in West Virginia was characterized by their mode of transportation and travel time to work.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, 79% of single mothers in West Virginia who worked outside the home drove alone to work, 11% carpooled with others, 2% used public transportation (such as bus or subway), and 8% used other means (such as walking or biking).
Among single mothers who drove alone to work, the median travel time to work was 25 minutes.
Among single mothers who used public transportation to work, the median travel time to work was 45 minutes.

Childcare

The childcare situation of single mothers in West Virginia was determined by their childcare arrangements and costs.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), 58% of single mothers in West Virginia who worked outside the home used some form of childcare for their children under 15 years old in 2019.
Among single mothers who used childcare, the most common types of childcare arrangements were relative care (34%), center-based care (32%), nonrelative care (22%), and self-care (12%) .
Among single mothers who used childcare, the average weekly cost of childcare was $130 per child .

Social Security

The social security situation of single mothers in West Virginia was indicated by their receipt of social security income and benefits.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey (CPS), 9% of single mother households in West Virginia received social security income in 2020 .
The median annual amount of social security income received by single mother households in West Virginia was $11,000 .
According to the Social Security Administration (SSA), the most common types of social security benefits received by single mothers in West Virginia were retirement benefits (41%), disability benefits (33%), survivor benefits (23%), and supplemental security income (SSI) benefits (3%) .

Healthcare

The healthcare situation of single mothers in West Virginia was assessed by their health insurance coverage and access to health care services.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS), 10% of single mothers in West Virginia were uninsured in 2019, compared to 11% for all single mothers in the U.S. .
Among single mothers who were insured, 52% had private health insurance, 39% had public health insurance, and 9% had both private and public health insurance .
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), 19% of single mothers in West Virginia reported that they had no usual source of health care in 2019, compared to 16% for all single mothers in the U.S. .
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 75% of single mothers in West Virginia reported that they had a preventive health care visit in the past year in 2019, compared to 72% for all single mothers in the U.S. .

Expenses

The expenses of single mothers in West Virginia were estimated by their consumer spending and debt.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE), the average annual expenditure of single mother households in West Virginia was $42,000 in 2019, which was lower than the national average of $44,000 for all single mother households in the U.S. .
The largest categories of expenditure for single mother households in West Virginia were housing (33%), transportation (16%), and food (13%) .
According to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY), the average debt of single mother households in West Virginia was $48,000 in 2020, which was lower than the national average of $56,000 for all single mother households in the U.S. .
The largest categories of debt for single mother households in West Virginia were mortgage debt (45%), student loan debt (19%), and auto loan debt (15%) .

Conclusion

Single mothers in West Virginia are a diverse and resilient group of women who face various challenges and opportunities in their lives.
They have lower levels of education, income, and civic engagement than the national average for single mothers, but they also have lower costs of living, higher homeownership rates, and smaller income gaps with married-couple families.
They have lower levels of employment, poverty, food security, transportation, childcare, social security, and debt as the national average for single mothers, but they also have different patterns of family structure, race, place of birth, language spoken at home, and health insurance coverage.
They have higher levels of disability, veteran status, uninsured rate, and very low food security than the national average for single mothers, but they also have higher levels of volunteerism, homeownership without a mortgage or loan, and no usual source of health care.
They have similar levels of health care utilization than the national average for single mothers, but they also have similar levels of preventive health care visit.

Resources:

U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Population Estimates, State Population Totals and Components of Change: 2010-2020
U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Selected Characteristics of Families by Presence and Age of Own Children Under 18 Years
U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Current Population Survey, Voting and Registration Supplement
U.S. Census Bureau, 2019 Current Population Survey, Volunteer Supplement
U.S. Census Bureau, 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Educational Attainment by Detailed Field of Bachelor’s Degree for First Major for the Population 25 Years and Over
U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement
U.S. Census Bureau, 2019 Current Population Survey, Child Support Supplement
U.S. Census Bureau, 2019 Consumer Expenditure Survey, Interview Survey and Detailed Expenditure Files
Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Household Debt and Credit Report (Q4 2020)
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Household Food Security in the United States in 2019
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Area Health Resource File (AHRF), 2019-2020 Release
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2019 Data
Social Security Administration, Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social Security Bulletin, 2020

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