Workplace Rights and Pregnancy Protection for Single Mothers in Missouri
Workplace Rights & Pregnancy Protection for Single Mothers in Missouri
Last updated: September 2025
This guide is written for Missouri single moms who need clear, fast help staying safe at work during pregnancy and after childbirth. You’ll see exact steps, deadlines, and who to call. Every section ends with a Plan B so you’re never stuck.
— ASingleMother.org Editorial Team
If You Only Do 3 Things — Emergency Actions to Take
- Request accommodations in writing today: Use the federal Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA) to ask for light duty, extra breaks, water/snacks, sitting/standing options, or time off to recover and go to appointments through your HR channel or manager; see the EEOC’s plain‑English explainer at What You Should Know about the PWFA, read the final‑rule summary at EEOC key provisions, and save the federal law text at EEOC PWFA statute page. (eeoc.gov)
- Lock in leave protections fast: If you may qualify for unpaid, job‑protected Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) time, submit an FMLA request right away using DOL’s forms and follow the 5‑day employer notice rule at DOL FMLA Fact Sheet #28, find the full toolkit at DOL FMLA Toolkit, and see government plain‑English guidance at USA.gov employer FMLA duties. (dol.gov)
- If you’re being denied or punished, file quickly: In Missouri, you generally have 180 days to file with the Missouri Commission on Human Rights (MCHR) under the Missouri Human Rights Act (MHRA), and up to 300 days to file with the EEOC Public Portal under federal law; get intake contacts at MCHR contact page. (labor.mo.gov)
Quick Help Box — Key Numbers and Links to Keep Handy
- EEOC St. Louis District Office: 1-800-669-4000; schedule intake or file a charge via the EEOC Public Portal; find local office hours and address at EEOC St. Louis Office. (eeoc.gov)
- U.S. Dept. of Labor, Wage & Hour (FMLA/PUMP Act) help line: 1-866-4US-WAGE; find your nearest office at WHD Local Offices; use the online contact form at Contact WHD. (dol.gov)
- Missouri MCHR Discrimination Hotline: 1-877-781-4236; start the screening at MCHR Complaint Assessment; general info at MCHR discrimination page. (labor.mo.gov)
- Missouri Family Support Division (benefits): 1-855-373-4636; find office and upload docs at DSS Contact/Map; apply or manage benefits at myDSS. (dss.mo.gov)
- WIC (nutrition for pregnant/postpartum/children): 1-800-392-8209; how to apply at MO WIC – How to Apply; general WIC info at MO WIC home. (health.mo.gov)
Understanding Your Core Workplace Rights in Missouri
Start here: Three protections matter most for single moms in Missouri — the federal PWFA for accommodations, the federal PUMP Act for pumping at work, and FMLA for unpaid leave. Missouri’s own MHRA bans pregnancy discrimination for most employers with 6+ employees. Use each tool when you need it.
- Read the PWFA basics at EEOC “What to Know”, check the effective final rule date at EEOC final rule summary, and see the GAO notice confirming the rule’s effective date at GAO rule report. (eeoc.gov)
- Confirm your right to pump at work under the PUMP Act at DOL PUMP at Work, download the federal flyer at WHD Pump Rights card, and see FAQs at WHD Pump FAQs. (dol.gov)
- Check FMLA eligibility and rules at DOL Fact Sheet #28, grab the forms from DOL FMLA Toolkit, and see notice timelines at USA.gov FMLA notice duties. (dol.gov)
- Use Missouri’s state protections via MCHR pregnancy/sex discrimination, find the 180‑day filing deadline at MCHR “File a Complaint”, and get intake contacts at MCHR contact page. (labor.mo.gov)
Quick table — The laws, who’s covered, and who to call
| Law | Who is covered | Key rights | Who enforces | Primary deadline |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PWFA (federal) | Most employers with 15+ employees | Reasonable accommodations for pregnancy, childbirth, related conditions | EEOC | Charge within 300 days (in MO) |
| PUMP Act (federal) | Most employees under FLSA | Break time and a non‑bathroom space to pump, up to 1 year postpartum | DOL/WHD | Complaint ASAP; FLSA time limits apply |
| FMLA (federal) | Eligible workers (12 months, 1,250 hours, 50/75 rule) | Up to 12 weeks unpaid, job‑protected leave; health benefits continue | DOL/WHD | Employer must respond in 5 business days |
| MHRA (state) | Employers with 6+ employees | No discrimination based on pregnancy/sex; retaliation ban | MCHR | 180 days from adverse act |
- See PWFA details at EEOC PWFA overview, PUMP Act rights at DOL PUMP page, FMLA eligibility at DOL Fact Sheet #28, and MHRA coverage at MCHR pregnancy/sex discrimination. (eeoc.gov)
Reality check: The EEOC’s final PWFA regulation included abortion‑related accommodations, but on May 22, 2025, a federal judge in Louisiana ordered EEOC to remove abortion language from the rule; the rest of PWFA remains in force while litigation continues. Always confirm current status before making requests that involve abortion care. See coverage at Reuters legal report, read prior updates at AP coverage, and track EEOC PWFA materials at EEOC PWFA page. (reuters.com)
What to do if this doesn’t work: If your boss delays, denies, or punishes you, call 1-800-669-4000 and start an EEOC intake at EEOC contact, file with MCHR before 180 days pass, and ask DOL’s WHD at 1-866-487-9243 about PUMP Act or FMLA violations via WHD Contact. (eeoc.gov)
How to Request a Pregnancy or Postpartum Accommodation (PWFA) — Step by Step
Start here: You don’t need magic words or a doctor note to start; just tell your employer you have a pregnancy‑related limitation and need a change at work. The law requires an “interactive process.”
- Sample request language lives in the EEOC’s PWFA explainer, common accommodations are listed in the EEOC final rule summary, and legal text is posted at EEOC PWFA statute. (eeoc.gov)
- For teachers or school staff, Missouri added specific lactation room standards in schools (separate from restrooms, outlets, sink nearby) at RSMo §160.995, and many districts have posted policies; see background at MNEA note. (law.justia.com)
- Kansas City added local protections in 2024; go to city guidance at KCMO PWFA page, read FAQs at KCMO PWFA FAQs, and use the City’s Civil Rights Division complaint portal from the same site. (kcmo.gov)
Steps you can follow today
- Write a short note to HR or your supervisor describing your limitation (e.g., “lifting over 20 lbs triggers cramping”) and your preferred accommodation (e.g., “temporary light duty, stool to sit, closer parking”). Attach any relevant doctor note if you have one (not always required under PWFA). Use examples from EEOC PWFA “What to Know”, and keep copies. You can also cite Missouri’s anti‑discrimination law at MCHR sex/pregnancy page. (eeoc.gov)
- If they don’t respond within a week, follow up and ask for the “interactive process meeting.” If they push you to take leave first, remind them the PWFA forbids forcing leave if another reasonable accommodation lets you work. Show them EEOC key provisions, and keep the DOL/EEOC joint flyer handy at Federal Protections for Pregnant, Postpartum & Pumping Workers. (eeoc.gov)
- If they deny you or stall, call the EEOC at 1-800-669-4000 and open an intake at EEOC contact, and consider filing with MCHR to preserve the 180‑day Missouri deadline. Also check whether Kansas City’s local rule applies to your workplace via KCMO PWFA page. (eeoc.gov)
What to do if this doesn’t work: Ask for help from legal aid — Legal Services of Eastern Missouri (1-800-444-0514), Mid‑Missouri Legal Services (1-800-568-4931), or Legal Services of Southern Missouri (1-800-444-4863). If the denial is time‑sensitive, submit an EEOC online inquiry the same day at EEOC Public Portal. (lsem.org)
Pumping Milk at Work (PUMP Act) — Your Practical Rights
Start here: Most workers in Missouri are covered by the federal PUMP Act. You get reasonable break time and a private space that is not a bathroom, shielded from view, and free from intrusion, for one year after birth.
- Confirm coverage and space standards at DOL PUMP at Work, see space checklists at WHD Fact Sheet #73A (within that page), and learn complaint steps at How to file a WHD complaint. (dol.gov)
- If you’re a public school employee or student, Missouri law adds extra school‑based room requirements and access for at least one year postpartum; see RSMo §160.995 and MNEA guidance at MNEA protections page. (law.justia.com)
- Missouri allows breastfeeding or expressing milk in any place you’re authorized to be, without it being indecent exposure; see RSMo §191.918 and state health summary at DHSS Breastfeeding Laws. (law.justia.com)
Pay and breaks
- Breaks can be unpaid if you’re fully relieved of duty; if you work during a pump break, that time is paid. Learn the pay rules at DOL PUMP FAQs, post the required notice at WHD posters, and keep WHD’s helpline 1-866-487-9243 from WHD contact page. (dol.gov)
What to do if this doesn’t work: Call DOL/WHD at 1-866-487-9243 (Contact WHD), then document dates/times you asked to pump and any denials; if retaliation occurs, ask the EEOC about retaliation rights at EEOC contact and keep Missouri’s MCHR info handy at MCHR contact. (webapps.dol.gov)
Leave Options During Pregnancy & After Birth (Missouri)
Start here: Missouri has no statewide paid family leave in 2025. Most single moms stack FMLA (if eligible) with employer PTO, short‑term disability, and unpaid PWFA leave as an accommodation for recovery.
- Check FMLA basics at DOL Fact Sheet #28, use the DOL FMLA Toolkit, and confirm employer notice timelines at USA.gov FMLA page. (dol.gov)
- Ask your OB about medical notes for temporary restrictions; PWFA allows leave as an accommodation when needed, see EEOC PWFA “What to Know”; Kansas City’s ordinance adds local teeth for employers with >6 workers at KCMO PWFA. (eeoc.gov)
- If you lose hours or your job, file for unemployment with Missouri DES using UInteract, get phone help at 1-800-320-2519 via DES contact, and learn appeals time limits (30 days) at How to File an Appeal. (labor.mo.gov)
Table — Common Missouri leave combinations you can stack
| Situation | Practical combo |
|---|---|
| Pregnancy complications, not eligible for FMLA | Use PWFA to request reduced schedule and time off for appointments; pair with employer sick time; explore MO HealthNet transportation for visits. |
| Eligible for FMLA and recovering after birth | Take continuous FMLA; if postpartum complications persist, request additional PWFA leave as a reasonable accommodation. |
| Not FMLA‑eligible (small employer) | Use PWFA for leave as needed for recovery; ask for light duty and phased return. |
| Pumping and back at work | Use PUMP Act breaks; request schedule changes under PWFA if needed. |
- Review PWFA leave concept at EEOC PWFA “What to Know”, FMLA parameters at DOL Fact Sheet #28, and pumping rights at DOL PUMP page. (eeoc.gov)
What to do if this doesn’t work: If FMLA is denied, call WHD at 1-866-487-9243 via Contact WHD; if accommodations are denied, open an EEOC intake at EEOC Public Portal; if you’re terminated, apply for UI at UInteract immediately and appeal within 30 days per UI Appeals. (webapps.dol.gov)
Health Coverage & Postpartum Care — MO HealthNet for Pregnant Moms
Start here: Missouri Medicaid (MO HealthNet) covers pregnant people during pregnancy and for 12 months after the pregnancy ends, including mental health, transport to visits, lactation support, and now doula services.
- Confirm the 12‑month postpartum policy at DSS policy memo IM‑105, see postpartum section at DSS Postpartum Coverage, and read MO HealthNet pregnancy FAQs at MHD Pregnancy FAQs. (dssmanuals.mo.gov)
- Apply online or by phone via myDSS, call the FSD Info Line 1-855-373-4636 at DSS contact/map, and ask WIC for nutrition support at MO WIC How to Apply. (dss.mo.gov)
- Doula services are covered for dates of service on/after Oct 1, 2024; review details at MO HealthNet Doula Program, see more benefits via Healthy Moms, Healthy Babies, and check MO HealthNet continuous eligibility rules at DSS Pregnancy Coverage Policy. (oembed-mydss.mo.gov)
Typical timelines and proof
- Expect 10–15 business days for non‑crisis MO HealthNet applications once documents are received; crisis cases can be faster with hospital case managers. Upload at myDSS Upload, verify office locations at DSS Contact/Map, and call TEL‑LINK for help at 1-800-835-5465 at TEL‑LINK. (dss.mo.gov)
- Keep pay stubs, ID, proof of pregnancy (self‑attestation accepted per MHD FAQ), and proof of address. Use WIC’s appointment support at WIC How to Apply and call 1-800-392-8209 with questions. (mydss.mo.gov)
What to do if this doesn’t work: If coverage is delayed past two weeks and you’re near delivery, call FSD at 1-855-373-4636 via DSS Contact, ask the hospital financial counselor to escalate, and appeal any denial; for legal help, contact Legal Services of Eastern Missouri or Mid‑Missouri Legal Services. (dss.mo.gov)
How to Stop a Utility Shutoff in Missouri Today
Start here: Missouri has “Hot Weather” and “Cold Weather” protection rules for investor‑owned utilities. Call your utility, set a payment plan, and request emergency help the same day.
- The PSC Hot Weather Law (June 1–Sept 30) prevents disconnections when forecasts exceed certain heat thresholds; see press details at PSC Hot Weather release, and note expanded 72‑hour protections under SB 4 summarized at Governor SB 4 press release and LegiScan summary. (psc.mo.gov)
- The PSC Cold Weather Rule (Nov 1–Mar 31) limits winter shutoffs and sets payment‑plan standards; read the official page at PSC Cold Weather Rule and brochure at PSC Cold Weather guide. (psc.mo.gov)
- Apply for LIHEAP and ECIP (crisis help) through your local community action agency; see 2024‑25 dates on the state form portal at LIHEAP application & dates, submit energy documents at myDSS Utility Assistance, and contact agencies like CMCA Energy Assistance. Expect around 30 days to process non‑crisis claims. (formsportal.mo.gov)
Steps you can follow today
- Call your utility and request a medical or financial hardship payment plan under PSC rules; call the PSC Consumer Hotline 1-800-392-4211 from PSC site, then apply for LIHEAP crisis help at myDSS LIHEAP, and keep disconnection notices for uploads. (psc.mo.gov)
- If you use a city/co‑op utility (not PSC‑regulated), still ask for a medical hardship plan and list your shutoff risk when applying at myDSS LIHEAP, and call 2‑1‑1 at United Way 211 to find local help. (uwheartmo.org)
What to do if this doesn’t work: Ask your provider to pause shutoff for 72 hours during extreme forecast periods per SB 4 summary, file a PSC complaint at PSC consumer services, and call legal aid about wrongful disconnections — MMLS Services lists utility termination issues. (legiscan.com)
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Missing deadlines: Don’t wait past 180 days for an MCHR complaint via MCHR filing, or past 300 days for an EEOC charge via EEOC Portal, and keep UI appeals within 30 days per UI Appeals Overview. (labor.mo.gov)
- Only asking verbally: Put your PWFA and PUMP requests in writing using language from EEOC PWFA page, and keep copies. Add DOL support links from WHD PUMP to show the rules. (eeoc.gov)
- Assuming you don’t qualify for FMLA: Double‑check hours and headcount at DOL Fact Sheet #28, and ask HR to confirm eligibility in 5 business days per USA.gov FMLA notice. (dol.gov)
- Not using medical coverage: Apply for MO HealthNet pregnancy coverage at myDSS, use postpartum services for 12 months per DSS IM‑105, and ask WIC at WIC How to Apply. (dssmanuals.mo.gov)
What to do if this doesn’t work: Talk to legal aid — LSEM, MMLS, or LSSM — and call EEOC at 1-800-669-4000 via EEOC Contact for fast intake help. (lsem.org)
Quick Reference Cheat Sheet
| Need | Who to call or click | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| PWFA/Pregnancy accommodations | EEOC contact • EEOC PWFA page • MCHR filing | Deadlines matter (300/180 days). |
| Pumping rights | DOL PUMP at Work • WHD 1-866-487-9243 via Contact WHD • WHD Local Offices | Non‑bathroom private space required. |
| Leave & job protection | DOL FMLA Fact Sheet • FMLA Toolkit • USA.gov FMLA | Ask in writing; employer must respond within 5 business days. |
| Discrimination in MO | MCHR contact • MCHR discrimination page • MCHR file | Employers with 6+ employees covered. |
| MO HealthNet | myDSS • FSD 1-855-373-4636 via DSS Contact • MHD Pregnancy FAQs | 12‑month postpartum coverage. |
Application Checklist — Save or Screenshot and Use
- PWFA written request: Accommodation ask emailed/handed to HR with date/time; links included from EEOC PWFA page and your doctor’s note if you have one; backup plan from MCHR discrimination page. (eeoc.gov)
- PUMP space plan: Break schedule worked out, storage and privacy confirmed per DOL PUMP page; printed poster from WHD posters. (dol.gov)
- FMLA packet (if eligible): Request submitted, employer notice received (5 days per rules) using DOL FMLA forms; calendar 12 weeks; benefits continuation planned. (dol.gov)
- MO HealthNet/WIC: Application filed at myDSS with uploads, and WIC appointment scheduled from WIC How to Apply; TEL‑LINK 1-800-835-5465 noted. (health.mo.gov)
- Proofs folder: Photo ID, pay stubs, address proof, medical records, pregnancy self‑attestation per MHD FAQ, and any write‑ups or texts saved for potential EEOC or MCHR filing. (mydss.mo.gov)
Troubleshooting — If Your Application Gets Denied
Employment rights: If your PWFA or PUMP ask is denied or you’re disciplined for it, file an EEOC inquiry at EEOC Public Portal, call 1-800-669-4000 at EEOC Contact, and file with MCHR within 180 days (MCHR and EEOC usually dual‑file for you). (eeoc.gov)
Benefits: If MO HealthNet is denied, appeal and request a hearing through myDSS; for help, contact LSEM or MMLS; keep your postpartum care going (12‑month rule) per DSS IM‑105. (dssmanuals.mo.gov)
Unemployment: If UI is denied after a pregnancy‑related job loss or reduction in hours, appeal within 30 days per DES Appeals; keep certifying weekly via UInteract. (labor.mo.gov)
Local Organizations, Charities, Churches, and Support Groups
St. Louis region — quick connections: For emergency childcare and crisis support, call St. Louis Crisis Nursery Helpline 1-314-768-3201, reach food help at Operation Food Search 1-314-726-5355, and explore behavioral health/pregnancy counseling at Lutheran Family & Children’s Services 1-800-785-8546. (crisisnurserykids.org)
Kansas City region — quick connections: Use United Way 211 to locate childcare, rent, and utility help, contact Catholic Charities of Kansas City–St. Joseph 1-816-221-4377, and call the Kansas City Indian Center 1-816-421-7608 for Native community services. (uwheartmo.org)
Statewide legal aid — for denials and discrimination: Apply at Legal Services of Eastern Missouri 1-800-444-0514, Mid‑Missouri Legal Services 1-800-568-4931, and Legal Services of Southern Missouri 1-800-444-4863. (lsem.org)
Faith‑based supports: Call Catholic Charities of St. Louis 1-314-367-5500, reach LFCS counseling 1-866-326-5327, and if you face intimate‑partner violence use National DV Hotline 1-800-799-7233 for safety planning and shelter referrals. (ccstl.org)
What to do if this doesn’t work: Call 2‑1‑1 statewide via United Way 211, check HUD’s local hotlines at HUD Missouri hotlines, and ask your county community action agency about LIHEAP/ECIP from myDSS Utility. (hud.gov)
Diverse Communities — Tailored Notes and Resources
LGBTQ+ single mothers: Know this: The same federal PWFA and PUMP rights apply to you; use EEOC PWFA info, call EEOC St. Louis for intake support, and request interpretation or accommodations in advance at EEOC contact (ASL VP 1-844-234-5122). Ask DOL/WHD about retaliation concerns at WHD Contact. Accessibility: TTY/relay is available at 711, with ASL VP numbers posted on EEOC contact. (eeoc.gov)
Single mothers with disabilities or caring for a disabled child: Ask for layered accommodations (e.g., reduced lifting and flexible schedule for therapies) under PWFA, and use ADA if disability‑related; start at EEOC PWFA, find interpreters via Missouri Commission for the Deaf & Hard of Hearing (MCDHH), and request state language or ASL services at MU Health Language Services. For benefits appeals (SSI, Medicaid), contact MMLS Public Benefits. Accessibility: Call for large‑print forms and ask for TTY/711 when scheduling with state/federal offices. (mcdhh.mo.gov)
Veteran single mothers: Use VA maternity care and coordination (now up to 12 months postpartum support); read details at VA Women’s Health: Maternity Care, see the expansion notice at VA News release, and review postpartum supports at VA Post‑pregnancy Care. Ask your VA MCC about pumps and supplies listed on VA maternity page. Accessibility: Ask VA for interpreters and accessible formats; TTY via 711 per facility policy. (womenshealth.va.gov)
Immigrant/refugee single moms: You still have federal workplace rights regardless of status. Get referrals and English‑language support from the Missouri Office of Refugee Administration (MO‑ORA), request interpreters through MCDHH resources, and use state TEL‑LINK for service navigation at TEL‑LINK (1-800-835-5465). If you face discrimination, file with EEOC and MCHR on time. Accessibility: Ask for multilingual services when calling DSS/FSD. (moora.org)
Tribal‑specific resources: Tap urban Indian organizations like the Kansas City Indian Center (816-421-7608), workforce help at the American Indian Council (816-471-4898), and public health profiles via Urban Indian Health Institute profile. For rights issues, you can still use EEOC contact and MCHR filing. Accessibility: Ask for ASL or language interpreters using MCDHH agencies list. (kcindiancenter.org)
Rural single moms with limited access: Use phones and mail — you can file EEOC intakes by phone at 1-800-669-4000 (EEOC contact), apply for Medicaid/WIC online at myDSS and MO WIC, and ask DHS TEL‑LINK at 1-800-835-5465 (TEL‑LINK). Accessibility: Request mailed forms in large print and get TTY help via 711 listed on state pages like DSS contact. (eeoc.gov)
Single fathers: Your rights are the same under PWFA when you’re requesting accommodations for your partner’s childbirth recovery needs? Note: PWFA protects the pregnant worker; however, FMLA covers bonding leave for eligible fathers. See DOL FMLA Fact Sheet, and use WHD contact for questions; Missouri’s MHRA also protects men from sex‑based discrimination at MCHR sex discrimination. Accessibility: TTY/relay 711 for state/federal calls. (dol.gov)
Language access: Ask for interpretation at every step. State agencies provide interpreters on request via DSS Contact/Map, medical systems like MU Health Language Services support 24/7 access, and the interpreter directory at MCDHH helps you book ASL services. Accessibility: TTY/711 and large print available upon request. (dss.mo.gov)
Resources by Region (Examples and Variations)
Kansas City Metro: Try Catholic Charities of KCSJ for housing/workforce, call United Way 211 for cooling centers and childcare, and see city enforcement of pregnancy fairness at KCMO PWFA page. County note: Jackson, Clay, Platte each have separate health departments linked on UIHI KC profile. (catholiccharitiesusa.org)
St. Louis Metro: Use St. Louis Crisis Nursery for short‑term child care in crisis, call Operation Food Search Hunger Hotline 1-314-726-5355, and contact Catholic Charities of St. Louis for shelter and postpartum treatment through Saint Martha’s 1-314-533-1313. (crisisnurserykids.org)
Central/Mid‑Missouri (Columbia/Jefferson City): Apply for legal help via MMLS Contact, call LFCS Mid‑MO at 1-573-815-9955 via LFCS Mid‑MO office, and reach DSS Resource Centers using the map at DSS Contact/Map. (mmls.org)
Southwest/Southern Missouri (Springfield, Joplin, Ozarks): Contact LSSM 1-800-444-4863, check LIHEAP through myDSS Utility, and use local 2‑1‑1 at United Way 211 for nearby shelters and child care leads. (lsosm.org)
Northwest/North Missouri (St. Joseph/Kirksville belt): Get legal help at Legal Aid of Western Missouri (offices in St. Joseph and Joplin on that page), use United Way 211, and apply for SNAP/WIC via myDSS SNAP and MO WIC. (lawmo.org)
What to do if this doesn’t work: Ask your county’s community action agency listed in the LIHEAP county directory, call the PSC hotline 1-800-392-4211 via PSC site, and escalate civil rights issues with MCHR. (formsportal.mo.gov)
Real‑World Examples (Missouri scenarios)
Example — cashier, 26 weeks, small grocery (12 employees): She asks for a stool and extra bathroom breaks under PWFA using guidance at EEOC PWFA page, cites Missouri MHRA pregnancy protections at MCHR sex discrimination, and uses DOL PUMP later when she returns to work pumping. (eeoc.gov)
Example — hospital CNA, 38 weeks, needs light duty: She requests temporary lifting limits through PWFA with examples from EEOC rule summary, schedules leave through DOL FMLA Toolkit, and lines up postpartum WIC/Medicaid at MHD FAQ. (eeoc.gov)
Example — public school teacher returning at 12 weeks: She plans pumping breaks and a dedicated space per RSMo §160.995, confirms federal rights at DOL PUMP page, and ensures FMLA job‑protected return via DOL Fact Sheet #28. (law.justia.com)
What to do if this doesn’t work: File with EEOC and MCHR promptly and ask legal aid (LSEM / MMLS / LSSM ) to review your documents. (eeoc.gov)
County‑Specific Variations Worth Noting
Employer coverage thresholds: Under the MHRA, most employers with 6 or more employees are covered — verify at MCHR discrimination overview, and note Kansas City’s ordinance adds local enforcement for pregnancy accommodations at KCMO PWFA page, while other localities rely on state/federal law; always check with EEOC St. Louis for coverage questions. (labor.mo.gov)
Utilities: Investor‑owned utilities follow PSC hot/cold rules (and SB 4’s 72‑hour forecast window) described at PSC Cold Weather page and SB 4 summary; co‑ops and city utilities may set different hardship plans, so call and ask for medical accommodations; file PSC complaints via PSC Consumer Services if regulated. (psc.mo.gov)
Schools: All districts must provide a lactation room matching standards in RSMo §160.995; confirm your building’s policy with your HR per DESE/Local Board mandates and with educator groups like MNEA. (law.justia.com)
What to do if this doesn’t work: Contact your local civil rights office (MCHR contact), WHD district office via WHD Local Offices, and your district’s Title IX/Equity office (example: UMKC equity page). (labor.mo.gov)
FAQs — Missouri Single Moms’ Top Questions (2025)
- What counts as a “reasonable accommodation” while pregnant: Typical examples include extra breaks, water/snacks, sitting/standing options, schedule changes, light duty, time off to recover after childbirth, and closer parking; see examples at EEOC PWFA key provisions, get “how‑to ask” tips at EEOC PWFA “What to Know”, and carry the joint federal flyer from DOL WHD PUMP page. (eeoc.gov)
- Do I qualify for FMLA if I work part‑time: You need 12 months of service, 1,250 hours in the prior 12 months, and 50 employees within 75 miles; read DOL FMLA Fact Sheet #28, view the FMLA Employee Guide in the toolkit, and confirm employer notices at USA.gov FMLA. (dol.gov)
- Is pumping time paid: It’s usually unpaid unless you’re not fully relieved of duty or your employer pays similar breaks; learn more at DOL PUMP FAQs, download WHD Fact Sheet #73, and call WHD 1-866-487-9243 at Contact WHD. (dol.gov)
- What if my boss says “take leave instead of light duty”: PWFA prohibits forcing leave if another reasonable accommodation lets you work; show your employer EEOC PWFA key provisions and open an intake at EEOC Public Portal if needed. (eeoc.gov)
- How fast do I need to file a discrimination complaint: In Missouri, 180 days with MCHR File a Complaint and 300 days with EEOC; offices often dual‑file. Keep the St. Louis EEOC office page handy at EEOC St. Louis. (labor.mo.gov)
- Does Missouri have paid family leave: There is no statewide paid family and medical leave program in 2025; use employer PTO, short‑term disability, and PWFA leave. For job protection, see DOL FMLA Fact Sheet and ask WHD at Contact WHD about options. (dol.gov)
- How long am I covered by Medicaid after birth: 12 months postpartum under MO HealthNet; confirm at DSS IM‑105, read the Postpartum Coverage section, and check MHD Pregnancy FAQs. (dssmanuals.mo.gov)
- Where can I get fast help with food while I wait for SNAP: Call Operation Food Search Hunger Hotline 1-314-726-5355, dial 2‑1‑1 via United Way 211, and apply for WIC through MO WIC How to Apply. (operationfoodsearch.org)
- What if I’m being stalked or abused: Get confidential help 24/7 at National Domestic Violence Hotline 1-800-799-7233, find federal resources at ACF FVPSA Hotlines, and ask your employer for safety accommodations under PWFA at EEOC PWFA. (thehotline.org)
- How do I reach a human at MO Unemployment: Call 1-800-320-2519 (8–5 CT) via DES contact, read appeal steps at How to File an Appeal, and keep the regional lines from DES Unemployed Workers page. (labor.mo.gov)
“Reality Check” — Delays, Denials, and Funding Gaps to Expect
- Agency backlogs: Intake queues at EEOC St. Louis and MCHR can mean multi‑week waits; keep filing dates in writing and screenshot confirmations. Use EEOC Public Portal to preserve time. (eeoc.gov)
- Utility aid timing: Non‑crisis LIHEAP processing may take about 30 days (faster for crisis) per agency notes like CMCA LIHEAP; PSC’s expanded 72‑hour hot/cold protections under SB 4 help but don’t erase your bill; read SB 4 summary. Call to confirm current availability. (cmca.us)
- Legal changes: The PWFA abortion‑accommodation portion of EEOC’s rule was vacated by a federal court in May 2025; track updates at Reuters report and check EEOC PWFA often for changes. (reuters.com)
Spanish Summary — Resumen en Español (hecho con herramientas de IA)
Importante: Este resumen de referencias se generó con herramientas de IA; por favor confirme detalles en los enlaces oficiales.
- Derechos de embarazo en el trabajo: pida adaptaciones por la ley federal PWFA con EEOC PWFA, y proteja su lactancia por la ley PUMP con DOL PUMP. Llame a EEOC al 1-800-669-4000 en EEOC contacto. (eeoc.gov)
- Permisos (FMLA): si cumple requisitos, pida hasta 12 semanas sin pago, con trabajo protegido, con DOL FMLA y ayuda al 1-866-487-9243 en WHD contacto. (dol.gov)
- Medicaid/Seguro médico: MO HealthNet cubre embarazo y 12 meses posparto; aplique en myDSS, vea MHD embarazo FAQ, y WIC al 1-800-392-8209 en WIC Cómo aplicar. (mydss.mo.gov)
- Denuncias: En Missouri tiene 180 días con MCHR y hasta 300 días con EEOC. Llame 2‑1‑1 para recursos locales en United Way 211. (labor.mo.gov)
About This Guide
Compiled by the ASingleMother.org Editorial Team.
This guide uses official sources including:
- U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) — PWFA rules, charge filing, local office info. (eeoc.gov)
- U.S. Department of Labor, Wage & Hour Division — FMLA and PUMP Act worker rights and complaint process. (dol.gov)
- Missouri Department of Labor & Industrial Relations (MCHR) — State pregnancy/sex discrimination rules and deadlines. (labor.mo.gov)
- Missouri Department of Social Services / myDSS — MO HealthNet, WIC links, SNAP, LIHEAP, and contact lines. (dss.mo.gov)
- Missouri Public Service Commission — Cold/Hot Weather rules and consumer hotline. (psc.mo.gov)
- VA Women’s Health — Veteran maternity and postpartum services. (womenshealth.va.gov)
Last verified September 2025, next review April January 2026.
Please note that despite our careful verification process, errors may still occur — email info@asinglemother.org with corrections and we respond within 72 hours.
Disclaimer
Important: This guide is for general information and is not legal advice. Laws change, court rulings may alter rules, and agency practices vary by county and funding. Always confirm details with the official agencies linked above, call to verify current availability, and consider consulting an attorney or legal aid when you face deadlines or possible job loss. For emergencies, call 911 or the hotlines provided.
Appendix Tables
Table — Sample PWFA accommodation requests you can copy
| Need | Example language you can adapt |
|---|---|
| Extra breaks for nausea | “I am requesting brief additional restroom and hydration breaks due to pregnancy‑related nausea, as a reasonable accommodation under the PWFA.” |
| Lifting limit | “My provider recommends I avoid lifting over 20 lbs until delivery; I’m requesting temporary light duty consistent with this restriction.” |
| Sitting/standing | “Long standing causes swelling; I’m requesting a stool and the ability to alternate sitting/standing.” |
| Recovery time | “I’m requesting short‑term leave for postpartum recovery as a reasonable accommodation so I can return safely.” |
- See examples and framework at EEOC PWFA key provisions, legal overview at EEOC PWFA page, and educator‑specific note at RSMo §160.995. (eeoc.gov)
Table — Pumping space checklist
| Requirement | What to check |
|---|---|
| Not a bathroom, private | Door with lock or sign; shielded from view |
| Functional | Chair, flat surface, outlet for pump |
| Nearby | Reasonable access near your workstation |
| Availability | Space available whenever needed, not “only at lunch” |
- Standards and FAQs at DOL PUMP at Work, and specific space factsheet #73A from the same page; school districts must also meet RSMo §160.995. (dol.gov)
Table — Filing deadlines and who handles what
| Issue | Where to file | Deadline |
|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy accommodation denial | EEOC and MCHR | 300 days EEOC / 180 days MCHR |
| Pumping space/time violation | DOL/WHD | File ASAP |
| Retaliation for asserting rights | EEOC contact / MCHR file | Same as discrimination |
| FMLA denial | WHD helpline | File ASAP |
- Find local office info at EEOC St. Louis Office and WHD Local Offices. (eeoc.gov)
Table — Utility shutoff protections (investor‑owned utilities)
| Season | Protection window | Key trigger |
|---|---|---|
| Hot Weather Law | Jun 1–Sep 30 | Forecast 95°F+ or heat index 105°F+ (now 72‑hour forecast) |
| Cold Weather Rule | Nov 1–Mar 31 | Forecast below 32°F (payment‑plan standards apply) |
- See PSC pages for Hot Weather press and Cold Weather Rule; SB 4 expands to a 72‑hour forecast per LegiScan summary and Governor’s release. Call to confirm current application. (psc.mo.gov)
Table — Key contacts (clip this)
| Purpose | Contact |
|---|---|
| EEOC general | 1-800-669-4000 — EEOC contact |
| WHD (FMLA/PUMP) | 1-866-487-9243 — Contact WHD |
| MCHR hotline | 1-877-781-4236 — MCHR contact |
| DSS/FSD info | 1-855-373-4636 — DSS Contact |
| WIC | 1-800-392-8209 — MO WIC How to Apply |
| DV Hotline | 1-800-799-7233 — The Hotline |
- Verify local office specifics at EEOC St. Louis Office and WHD Local Offices. (eeoc.gov)
You’ve got concrete steps, deadlines, and phone numbers. Use the links to act quickly, document everything, and get backup from state/federal agencies and Missouri legal aid if anyone tries to block your rights.
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